wiki/2019_Indian_general_election
The 2019 Indian general election is scheduled to be held in seven phases from 11 April to 19 May 2019 to constitute the 17th Lok Sabha. The counting of votes will be conducted on 23 May, and on the same day the results will be declared.[1][2][3][4]
Legislative Assembly elections in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Odisha and Sikkim will be held simultaneously with the general election.All 543 elected MPs will be elected from single-member constituencies using first-past-the-post voting. The President of India nominates an additional two members from the Anglo-Indian community if he believes the community is under-represented.[7]
Eligible voters must be Indian citizens, 18 or older, an ordinary resident of the polling area of the constituency and possess a valid voter identification card issued by the Election Commission of India. Some people convicted of electoral or other offences are barred from voting.[8]
Earlier there were speculations that the Modi Government might advance the 2019 general election to counter the anti-incumbency factor, however learning from the past blunder of preponing an election made by the Vajpayee Government it decided to go into election as per the normal schedule[9] which was announced by Election Commission of India (ECI) on 10 March 2019, after which Model Code of Conduct was applied with immediate effect.[10] The voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system which enables electronic voting machines to record each vote cast by generating the EVM slip, will be introduced in all 543 Lok sabha constituencies.[11][12] A total of 17.4 lakh VVPAT units will be used in as many as 10,35,918 polling stations during the elections. According to the Election Commission of India, 900 million people were eligible to vote, with an increase of 84.3 million voters since the last general election in 2014,[13][14] making this the largest-ever election in the world.[15] 15 million voters in the age group of 18-19 years are eligible to exercise their right to vote for the first time.[16] 71,735 overseas voters have been enrolled in the electoral rolls for the 2019 Lok Sabha elections.The election schedule was announced on 10 March 2019, and with it the Model Code of Conduct came into force.[17]
Election Dates of Indian General Election, 2019
Election schedule
The election is scheduled to be held in seven phases, with counting starting on 23 May. In Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, the election will be held in all seven phases. The polling for the Anantanag constituency in the state of Jammu and Kashmir will be held in three phases, the first of its kind, due to violence in the region that had prompted the ECI to cancel a bypoll in 2016, leaving it vacant since then
Phase Date Constituencies States and Union Territories
1 11 April 91 20 Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jammu and Kashmir, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Telangana, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep
2 18 April 97 13 Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Puducherry
3 23 April 115 14 Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Goa, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu
4 29 April 71 9 Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
5 6 May 51 7 Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
6 12 May 59 7 Bihar, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Delhi
7 19 May 59 8 Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, West Bengal, Chandigarh, Uttar Pradesh
Background
On 12 January 2019, prime minister Narendra Modi launched the Bharatiya Janata Party's election campaign, which sought a second term in government.[19] Commentators have suggested that Modi and BJP will base their campaign on Hindu nationalism, relative to their 2014 campaign, which had emphasised job creation and economic development.[20][21]
On the same day, both Mayawati (president of the Bahujan Samaj Party) and Akhilesh Yadav (president of the Samajwadi Party) announced an alliance to contest 76 seats out of the 80 in Uttar Pradesh and the alliance will not fight in Amethi and Rae Bareli as they are represented by Rahul Gandhi and Sonia Gandhi. The alliance did not include Congress, which Mayawati explained: "Including Congress in the alliance will hurt SP-BSP prospects as Congress's votes do not get transferred." The alliance was the second of its kind with a similar coalition formed 25 years ago in 1993.[22]
Among the interventions by the Election Commission was a ban on the use of images of individuals killed in the 2019 Pulwama attack. Later, Teeka Ram Meena, the Chief Election Officer, banned the use of issues related to the Sabarimala temple during the poll campaign.[23]
In 2015, an India-Bangladesh boundary agreement was signed, in which the two countries exchanged their enclaves. As a result, it will be the first time in which residents of these former enclaves vote in an Indian general election.[24]
Issues
A number of issues are expected to be of importance in this election. These include the country's recent conflict with Pakistan, GST[25], unemployment, and national security.[26]
Alleged institutional undermining
During the election campaign, the opposition parties have claimed that the NDA government is destroying democratic institutions and processes. Opposition party leaders such as Mamata Banerjee have campaigned on this issue.[27]
In response, Modi termed the allegations "a big joke", commenting that Congress and the communists had themselves undermined institutions including the police, CBI and the CAG, and cited the murder of BJP activists in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.[28]
National security
Further information: India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2019) and 2019 Balakot airstrike
In response to the 2019 Pulwama attack, the Indian Air Force conducted airstrikes inside Pakistan — for the first time since the 1971 Indo-Pak war. The country's ongoing conflict with Pakistan is predicted to be a significant factor in this election. The opposition accused Modi of politicising the army, whilst the BJP countered their accusations by stating that such allegations raised by them were adversely affecting the morale of India's armed forces.[29]
Unemployment
Main article: Unemployment in India
Opposition parties have claimed that unemployment has reached crisis levels. The NDA government has denied the existence of any job crisis.[30] Prime minister Narendra Modi claimed that jobs are not lacking but data on jobs has been lacking.[31][32]
A report on unemployment was prepared by the National Sample Survey Office's (NSSO's) periodic labour force survey. This report has not been officially released by the NDA government. According to the Business Today newspaper, this report is the "first comprehensive survey on employment conducted by a government agency after Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced demonetisation move in November 2016". According to this report, the 2017–2018 unemployment rate in India at 6.1%, a four decade high.[33] The government has claimed that the report was not final.[34]
Agrarian and rural distress
The Congress party campaign has highlighted "agrarian distress" as an election issue.[35] The BJP campaign has highlighted that the Congress party had been in power for five generations of the Nehru dynasty and its past promises and campaign issues have been empty. It claims that the recent farmer loan waivers by Congress have not reached "even 10% of the farmers" nor has it helped the financial situation of the farmers. BJP highlights that its "Kisan Samman Nidhi" helps the small farmers at the time of seed planting through a direct deposit of ₹6000 to their accounts.[36] The opposition has accused this as being an attempt to lure voters.[37]
Social media abuses and fake news
According to The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, the 2019 Indian election has attracted a systematic attempt to spread misinformation through the social media.[38][39] Facebook claims that over a hundred of these social media advocacy accounts spreading disinformation about the 2019 Indian elections have been traced to "employees of the Pakistani military public relations wing".[38][39] Some others have been linked to the opposition Indian National Congress,[39][38] as well as the incumbent Bharatiya Janata Party.[39]
Party campaigns
Bharatiya Janata Party
Main article: Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2019 Indian general election
Indian National Congress
Main article: Indian National Congress campaign for the 2019 Indian general election
Television debates
Campaigning costs
Manifesto
The Congress released its manifesto, titled Congress Will Deliver on 3 April.[40][41]
The BJP released its manifesto, titled Sankalp Patra on 8 April.[42][43]
Participating parties
Main articles: List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election, List of United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election, and List of Left Front candidates in the 2019 Indian general election
Party States/UTs contested Seats Alliance
Contested Won
Bharatiya Janata Party Andhra Pradesh 25 437 National Democratic Alliance
Arunachal Pradesh 2
Assam 10
Bihar 17
Chhattisgarh 11
Goa 2
Gujarat 26
Haryana 10
Himachal Pradesh 4
Jammu and Kashmir[44] 6
Jharkhand 11
Karnataka 27
Kerala 15
Madhya Pradesh 29
Maharashtra 25
Manipur 2
Meghalaya 2
Mizoram[45] 1
Odisha 21
Punjab 3
Rajasthan 24
Sikkim 1
Tamil Nadu 5
Telangana 17
Tripura 2
Uttar Pradesh 78
Uttarakhand 5
West Bengal 42
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1
Chandigarh 1
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 1
Daman and Diu 1
Delhi 7
Lakshadweep 1
Shiv Sena[46] Maharashtra 23
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam[47] Tamil Nadu 20
Janata Dal (United)[48] Bihar 17
Shiromani Akali Dal[49] Punjab 10
Pattali Makkal Katchi[47] Tamil Nadu 7
Lok Janshakti Party[48] Bihar 6
Bharath Dharma Jana Sena Kerala 4
Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam[50] Tamil Nadu 4
Asom Gana Parishad Assam 3
Apna Dal (Sonelal) Uttar Pradesh 2
All Jharkhand Students Union[51] Jharkhand 1
Puthiya Tamilagam[52] Tamil Nadu 1
Tamil Maanila Congress Tamil Nadu 1
Puthiya Needhi Katchi[53] Tamil Nadu 1
All India N.R. Congress[54] Puducherry 1
Bodoland People's Front[55] Assam 1
Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party Nagaland 1
Kerala Congress (Thomas)[56] Kerala 1
Rashtriya Loktantrik Party Rajasthan 1
Sumalatha (Independent Candidate supported by BJP in Mandya) Karnataka 1
Indian National Congress Andhra Pradesh 25 422 United Progressive Alliance
Arunachal Pradesh 2
Assam 14
Bihar 9
Chhattisgarh 11
Goa 2
Gujarat 26
Haryana 10
Himachal Pradesh 4
Jammu and Kashmir 5
Jharkhand 7
Karnataka 21
Kerala 16
Madhya Pradesh 29
Maharashtra[57] 24
Manipur 2
Meghalaya 2
Nagaland 1
Odisha 18
Punjab 13
Rajasthan 25
Sikkim 1
Tamil Nadu 9
Telangana 17
Tripura 2
Uttar Pradesh[58] 67
Uttarakhand 5
West Bengal 42
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1
Chandigarh 1
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 1
Daman and Diu 1
Delhi 7
Lakshadweep 1
Puducherry 1
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam[59] Tamil Nadu 20
Nationalist Congress Party[57] Maharashtra 20
Rashtriya Janata Dal Bihar 19 20
Jharkhand 1
Janata Dal (Secular)[60] Karnataka 7
Jan Adhikar Party[58] Uttar Pradesh 5
Rashtriya Lok Samta Party Bihar 5
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha[61] Jharkhand 4 5
Odisha 1
Communist Party of India (State level)[59][62] Odisha 1 3
Tamil Nadu 2
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (State level)[59] Odisha 1 3
Tamil Nadu 2
Hindustani Awam Morcha Bihar 3
Indian Union Muslim League[59] Kerala 2 3
Tamil Nadu 1
Vikassheel Insaan Party Bihar 3
Apna Dal (Krishna Patel)[58] Uttar Pradesh 2
Jharkhand Vikas Morcha[61] Jharkhand 2
Swabhimani Paksha[57] Maharashtra 2
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi[59] Tamil Nadu 2
Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi[57] Maharashtra 1
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation (State level) Bihar 1
Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi[59] Tamil Nadu 1
Kerala Congress (M) Kerala 1
Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi[59] Tamil Nadu 1
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam[59] Tamil Nadu 1
Revolutionary Socialist Party (State level)[63] Kerala 1
Yuva Swabhiman Party[57] Maharashtra 1
Lalnghinglova Hmar ( Independent candidate supported by INC in Mizoram) Mizoram 1
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference (supported by INC in Srinagar) Jammu and Kashmir 1
Bahujan Samaj Party [22] Andhra Pradesh 3 TBA Mahagathbandhan
Bihar 40
Chhattisgarh 11
Gujarat 26
Haryana 8
Jammu and Kashmir 2
Jharkhand TBA
Karnataka 28
Madhya Pradesh 26
Maharashtra 44
Odisha TBA
Punjab 3
Rajasthan 25
Telangana TBA
Uttar Pradesh 78
Uttarakhand 4
Samajwadi Party[22] Madhya Pradesh 3 44
Maharashtra 4
Uttar Pradesh 79
Rashtriya Lok Dal Uttar Pradesh 3
Gondwana Ganatantra Party[64] Madhya Pradesh 1
Loktantra Suraksha Party[65] Haryana 2
Punjabi Ekta Party[66] Punjab 3
Lok Insaaf Party[66] Punjab 4
Punjab Front[66] Punjab 1
Communist Party of India (State level)[66] Andhra Pradesh 2 TBA
Punjab 1
Telangana TBA
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (State level) Andhra Pradesh 2
Revolutionary Marxist Party of India (State level)[66] Punjab 1
Jana Sena Party[67] Andhra Pradesh 18 TBA
Telangana TBA
Communist Party of India (Marxist)[68] Assam 2 65 Left Front
Bihar 1
Haryana 1
Himachal Pradesh 1
Jharkhand 1
Karnataka 1
Kerala 16
Lakshadweep 1
Madhya Pradesh 1
Maharashtra 1
Odisha 1
Telangana 2
Tripura 2
Uttarakhand 1
West Bengal 33
Communist Party of India Bihar 1 9
Jharkhand 1
Kerala 4
West Bengal 3
Revolutionary Socialist Party West Bengal 3
All India Forward Bloc West Bengal 3
Telugu Desam Party Andhra Pradesh 25 Other parties
YSR Congress Party Andhra Pradesh 25
Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh Maharashtra TBA
Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam Puducherry 1 39
Tamil Nadu 38
Makkal Needhi Maiam Puducherry 1 38
Tamil Nadu 37
Biju Janata Dal Odisha 21
Telangana Rashtra Samithi Telangana 16
Social Democratic Party of India Tamil Nadu 1
All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen Maharashtra TBA TBA
Telangana 1
Naam Tamilar Katchi Puducherry 1 39
Tamil Nadu 38
Aam Aadmi Party[69] Bihar 3 TBA
Chandigarh 1
Delhi 7
Goa 2
Haryana TBA
Punjab 13
Uttar Pradesh 4
Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya) Bihar 3 96
Chhattisgarh 1
Delhi 2
Haryana 1
Jammu and Kashmir 1
Karnataka 2
Madhya Pradesh 2
Odisha 2
Tamil Nadu 2
Uttar Pradesh 79
Uttarakhand 1
Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party Jammu and Kashmir 4
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference Jammu and Kashmir 4
National People's Party Arunachal Pradesh TBA TBA
Assam 5
Manipur 1
Meghalaya 1
Mizoram 1
Uttarakhand Kranti Dal Uttarakhand 4
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation Bihar 4 7
Jharkhand 2
Uttarakhand 1
Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) Uttarakhand 1
All India Trinamool Congress Assam 8 72
Bihar 2
Jharkhand 3
Odisha 10
Tamil Nadu 7
West Bengal 42
Indian Gandhiyan Party Bihar 2 66
Jharkhand 3
Odisha 10
Tamil Nadu 7
Uttar Pradesh 2
West Bengal 42
Independent politicians Andhra Pradesh TBA TBA None
Arunachal Pradesh TBA
Assam TBA
Bihar TBA
Chhattisgarh TBA
Goa TBA
Gujarat TBA
Haryana TBA
Himachal Pradesh TBA
Jammu and Kashmir TBA
Jharkhand TBA
Karnataka TBA
Kerala TBA
Madhya Pradesh TBA
Maharashtra TBA
Manipur TBA
Meghalaya TBA
Mizoram TBA
Nagaland TBA
Odisha TBA
Punjab TBA
Rajasthan TBA
Sikkim TBA
Tamil Nadu 559
Telangana TBA
Tripura TBA
Uttar Pradesh TBA
Uttarakhand TBA
West Bengal TBA
Andaman and Nicobar Islands TBA
Chandigarh TBA
Dadra and Nagar Haveli TBA
Daman and Diu TBA
Delhi TBA
Lakshadweep TBA
Puducherry TBA
Opinion polling
Main article: Opinion polling for the 2019 Indian general election
Line graph showing number of seats projected in opinion polls per alliance over time.
Various organisations have carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intentions in India. Results of such polls are displayed in this list. The date range for these opinion polls is from the previous general election, held in April and May 2014, to the present day.
Date published Polling agency Others Lead[a] Majority
NDA UPA
8 April 2019 Times Now-VMR 279 149 115 130 7
6 April 2019 IndiaTV-CNX 275 126 142 149 3
1 Feb – 4 April 2019 Jan Ki Baat 310 122 111 188 38
Mar 2019 Times Now-VMR 283 135 125 148 11
Mar 2019 News Nation 270 134 139 131 Hung
Mar 2019 RepublicTV–C voter 264 141 138 123 Hung
Mar 2019 IndiaTV-CNX 285 126 132 159 13
Mar 2019 Zee 24 Taas 264 165 114 99 Hung
Feb 2019 VDP Associates 242 148 153 94 Hung
Jan 2019 Times Now-VMR 252 147 144 105 Hung
Jan 2019 ABP News -Cvoter 233 167 143 66 Hung
Jan 2019 India Today -Karvy 237 166 140 67 Hung
Jan 2019 VDP Associates 225 167 150 58 Hung
Dec 2018 India Today 257 146 140 111 Hung
Dec 2018 ABP News – C Voter 247 171 125 76 Hung
Dec 2018 India TV – CNX 281 124 138 157 9
Nov 2018 ABP News – C Voter 261 119 163 142 Hung
Oct 2018 ABP News 276 112 155 164 4
Aug 2018 India Today- Karvy 281 122 140 159 9
May 2018 ABP News-CSDS 274 164 105 110 2
Jan 2018 Republic-CVoter 335 89 119 246 63
Jan 2018 India Today 309 102 132 207 37
April–May 2014 General election results 336 60 113 276 64
Exit polls
Results
Results will be announced on May 23.
Legislative Assembly elections in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Odisha and Sikkim will be held simultaneously with the general election.All 543 elected MPs will be elected from single-member constituencies using first-past-the-post voting. The President of India nominates an additional two members from the Anglo-Indian community if he believes the community is under-represented.[7]
Eligible voters must be Indian citizens, 18 or older, an ordinary resident of the polling area of the constituency and possess a valid voter identification card issued by the Election Commission of India. Some people convicted of electoral or other offences are barred from voting.[8]
Earlier there were speculations that the Modi Government might advance the 2019 general election to counter the anti-incumbency factor, however learning from the past blunder of preponing an election made by the Vajpayee Government it decided to go into election as per the normal schedule[9] which was announced by Election Commission of India (ECI) on 10 March 2019, after which Model Code of Conduct was applied with immediate effect.[10] The voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system which enables electronic voting machines to record each vote cast by generating the EVM slip, will be introduced in all 543 Lok sabha constituencies.[11][12] A total of 17.4 lakh VVPAT units will be used in as many as 10,35,918 polling stations during the elections. According to the Election Commission of India, 900 million people were eligible to vote, with an increase of 84.3 million voters since the last general election in 2014,[13][14] making this the largest-ever election in the world.[15] 15 million voters in the age group of 18-19 years are eligible to exercise their right to vote for the first time.[16] 71,735 overseas voters have been enrolled in the electoral rolls for the 2019 Lok Sabha elections.The election schedule was announced on 10 March 2019, and with it the Model Code of Conduct came into force.[17]
Election Dates of Indian General Election, 2019
Election schedule
The election is scheduled to be held in seven phases, with counting starting on 23 May. In Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, the election will be held in all seven phases. The polling for the Anantanag constituency in the state of Jammu and Kashmir will be held in three phases, the first of its kind, due to violence in the region that had prompted the ECI to cancel a bypoll in 2016, leaving it vacant since then
Phase Date Constituencies States and Union Territories
2 18 April 97 13 Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Puducherry
3 23 April 115 14 Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Goa, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu
4 29 April 71 9 Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
5 6 May 51 7 Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
6 12 May 59 7 Bihar, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Delhi
7 19 May 59 8 Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, West Bengal, Chandigarh, Uttar Pradesh
Background
On 12 January 2019, prime minister Narendra Modi launched the Bharatiya Janata Party's election campaign, which sought a second term in government.[19] Commentators have suggested that Modi and BJP will base their campaign on Hindu nationalism, relative to their 2014 campaign, which had emphasised job creation and economic development.[20][21]
On the same day, both Mayawati (president of the Bahujan Samaj Party) and Akhilesh Yadav (president of the Samajwadi Party) announced an alliance to contest 76 seats out of the 80 in Uttar Pradesh and the alliance will not fight in Amethi and Rae Bareli as they are represented by Rahul Gandhi and Sonia Gandhi. The alliance did not include Congress, which Mayawati explained: "Including Congress in the alliance will hurt SP-BSP prospects as Congress's votes do not get transferred." The alliance was the second of its kind with a similar coalition formed 25 years ago in 1993.[22]
Among the interventions by the Election Commission was a ban on the use of images of individuals killed in the 2019 Pulwama attack. Later, Teeka Ram Meena, the Chief Election Officer, banned the use of issues related to the Sabarimala temple during the poll campaign.[23]
In 2015, an India-Bangladesh boundary agreement was signed, in which the two countries exchanged their enclaves. As a result, it will be the first time in which residents of these former enclaves vote in an Indian general election.[24]
Issues
A number of issues are expected to be of importance in this election. These include the country's recent conflict with Pakistan, GST[25], unemployment, and national security.[26]
Alleged institutional undermining
During the election campaign, the opposition parties have claimed that the NDA government is destroying democratic institutions and processes. Opposition party leaders such as Mamata Banerjee have campaigned on this issue.[27]
In response, Modi termed the allegations "a big joke", commenting that Congress and the communists had themselves undermined institutions including the police, CBI and the CAG, and cited the murder of BJP activists in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.[28]
National security
Further information: India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2019) and 2019 Balakot airstrike
In response to the 2019 Pulwama attack, the Indian Air Force conducted airstrikes inside Pakistan — for the first time since the 1971 Indo-Pak war. The country's ongoing conflict with Pakistan is predicted to be a significant factor in this election. The opposition accused Modi of politicising the army, whilst the BJP countered their accusations by stating that such allegations raised by them were adversely affecting the morale of India's armed forces.[29]
Unemployment
Main article: Unemployment in India
Opposition parties have claimed that unemployment has reached crisis levels. The NDA government has denied the existence of any job crisis.[30] Prime minister Narendra Modi claimed that jobs are not lacking but data on jobs has been lacking.[31][32]
A report on unemployment was prepared by the National Sample Survey Office's (NSSO's) periodic labour force survey. This report has not been officially released by the NDA government. According to the Business Today newspaper, this report is the "first comprehensive survey on employment conducted by a government agency after Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced demonetisation move in November 2016". According to this report, the 2017–2018 unemployment rate in India at 6.1%, a four decade high.[33] The government has claimed that the report was not final.[34]
Agrarian and rural distress
The Congress party campaign has highlighted "agrarian distress" as an election issue.[35] The BJP campaign has highlighted that the Congress party had been in power for five generations of the Nehru dynasty and its past promises and campaign issues have been empty. It claims that the recent farmer loan waivers by Congress have not reached "even 10% of the farmers" nor has it helped the financial situation of the farmers. BJP highlights that its "Kisan Samman Nidhi" helps the small farmers at the time of seed planting through a direct deposit of ₹6000 to their accounts.[36] The opposition has accused this as being an attempt to lure voters.[37]
Social media abuses and fake news
According to The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, the 2019 Indian election has attracted a systematic attempt to spread misinformation through the social media.[38][39] Facebook claims that over a hundred of these social media advocacy accounts spreading disinformation about the 2019 Indian elections have been traced to "employees of the Pakistani military public relations wing".[38][39] Some others have been linked to the opposition Indian National Congress,[39][38] as well as the incumbent Bharatiya Janata Party.[39]
Party campaigns
Bharatiya Janata Party
Main article: Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2019 Indian general election
Indian National Congress
Main article: Indian National Congress campaign for the 2019 Indian general election
Television debates
Campaigning costs
Manifesto
The Congress released its manifesto, titled Congress Will Deliver on 3 April.[40][41]
The BJP released its manifesto, titled Sankalp Patra on 8 April.[42][43]
Participating parties
Main articles: List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election, List of United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election, and List of Left Front candidates in the 2019 Indian general election
Party States/UTs contested Seats Alliance
Contested Won
Bharatiya Janata Party Andhra Pradesh 25 437 National Democratic Alliance
Arunachal Pradesh 2
Assam 10
Bihar 17
Chhattisgarh 11
Goa 2
Gujarat 26
Haryana 10
Himachal Pradesh 4
Jammu and Kashmir[44] 6
Jharkhand 11
Karnataka 27
Kerala 15
Madhya Pradesh 29
Maharashtra 25
Manipur 2
Meghalaya 2
Mizoram[45] 1
Odisha 21
Punjab 3
Rajasthan 24
Sikkim 1
Tamil Nadu 5
Telangana 17
Tripura 2
Uttar Pradesh 78
Uttarakhand 5
West Bengal 42
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1
Chandigarh 1
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 1
Daman and Diu 1
Delhi 7
Lakshadweep 1
Shiv Sena[46] Maharashtra 23
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam[47] Tamil Nadu 20
Janata Dal (United)[48] Bihar 17
Shiromani Akali Dal[49] Punjab 10
Pattali Makkal Katchi[47] Tamil Nadu 7
Lok Janshakti Party[48] Bihar 6
Bharath Dharma Jana Sena Kerala 4
Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam[50] Tamil Nadu 4
Asom Gana Parishad Assam 3
Apna Dal (Sonelal) Uttar Pradesh 2
All Jharkhand Students Union[51] Jharkhand 1
Puthiya Tamilagam[52] Tamil Nadu 1
Tamil Maanila Congress Tamil Nadu 1
Puthiya Needhi Katchi[53] Tamil Nadu 1
All India N.R. Congress[54] Puducherry 1
Bodoland People's Front[55] Assam 1
Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party Nagaland 1
Kerala Congress (Thomas)[56] Kerala 1
Rashtriya Loktantrik Party Rajasthan 1
Sumalatha (Independent Candidate supported by BJP in Mandya) Karnataka 1
Indian National Congress Andhra Pradesh 25 422 United Progressive Alliance
Arunachal Pradesh 2
Assam 14
Bihar 9
Chhattisgarh 11
Goa 2
Gujarat 26
Haryana 10
Himachal Pradesh 4
Jammu and Kashmir 5
Jharkhand 7
Karnataka 21
Kerala 16
Madhya Pradesh 29
Maharashtra[57] 24
Manipur 2
Meghalaya 2
Nagaland 1
Odisha 18
Punjab 13
Rajasthan 25
Sikkim 1
Tamil Nadu 9
Telangana 17
Tripura 2
Uttar Pradesh[58] 67
Uttarakhand 5
West Bengal 42
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1
Chandigarh 1
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 1
Daman and Diu 1
Delhi 7
Lakshadweep 1
Puducherry 1
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam[59] Tamil Nadu 20
Nationalist Congress Party[57] Maharashtra 20
Rashtriya Janata Dal Bihar 19 20
Jharkhand 1
Janata Dal (Secular)[60] Karnataka 7
Jan Adhikar Party[58] Uttar Pradesh 5
Rashtriya Lok Samta Party Bihar 5
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha[61] Jharkhand 4 5
Odisha 1
Communist Party of India (State level)[59][62] Odisha 1 3
Tamil Nadu 2
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (State level)[59] Odisha 1 3
Tamil Nadu 2
Hindustani Awam Morcha Bihar 3
Indian Union Muslim League[59] Kerala 2 3
Tamil Nadu 1
Vikassheel Insaan Party Bihar 3
Apna Dal (Krishna Patel)[58] Uttar Pradesh 2
Jharkhand Vikas Morcha[61] Jharkhand 2
Swabhimani Paksha[57] Maharashtra 2
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi[59] Tamil Nadu 2
Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi[57] Maharashtra 1
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation (State level) Bihar 1
Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi[59] Tamil Nadu 1
Kerala Congress (M) Kerala 1
Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi[59] Tamil Nadu 1
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam[59] Tamil Nadu 1
Revolutionary Socialist Party (State level)[63] Kerala 1
Yuva Swabhiman Party[57] Maharashtra 1
Lalnghinglova Hmar ( Independent candidate supported by INC in Mizoram) Mizoram 1
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference (supported by INC in Srinagar) Jammu and Kashmir 1
Bahujan Samaj Party [22] Andhra Pradesh 3 TBA Mahagathbandhan
Bihar 40
Chhattisgarh 11
Gujarat 26
Haryana 8
Jammu and Kashmir 2
Jharkhand TBA
Karnataka 28
Madhya Pradesh 26
Maharashtra 44
Odisha TBA
Punjab 3
Rajasthan 25
Telangana TBA
Uttar Pradesh 78
Uttarakhand 4
Samajwadi Party[22] Madhya Pradesh 3 44
Maharashtra 4
Uttar Pradesh 79
Rashtriya Lok Dal Uttar Pradesh 3
Gondwana Ganatantra Party[64] Madhya Pradesh 1
Loktantra Suraksha Party[65] Haryana 2
Punjabi Ekta Party[66] Punjab 3
Lok Insaaf Party[66] Punjab 4
Punjab Front[66] Punjab 1
Communist Party of India (State level)[66] Andhra Pradesh 2 TBA
Punjab 1
Telangana TBA
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (State level) Andhra Pradesh 2
Revolutionary Marxist Party of India (State level)[66] Punjab 1
Jana Sena Party[67] Andhra Pradesh 18 TBA
Telangana TBA
Communist Party of India (Marxist)[68] Assam 2 65 Left Front
Bihar 1
Haryana 1
Himachal Pradesh 1
Jharkhand 1
Karnataka 1
Kerala 16
Lakshadweep 1
Madhya Pradesh 1
Maharashtra 1
Odisha 1
Telangana 2
Tripura 2
Uttarakhand 1
West Bengal 33
Communist Party of India Bihar 1 9
Jharkhand 1
Kerala 4
West Bengal 3
Revolutionary Socialist Party West Bengal 3
All India Forward Bloc West Bengal 3
Telugu Desam Party Andhra Pradesh 25 Other parties
YSR Congress Party Andhra Pradesh 25
Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh Maharashtra TBA
Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam Puducherry 1 39
Tamil Nadu 38
Makkal Needhi Maiam Puducherry 1 38
Tamil Nadu 37
Biju Janata Dal Odisha 21
Telangana Rashtra Samithi Telangana 16
Social Democratic Party of India Tamil Nadu 1
All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen Maharashtra TBA TBA
Telangana 1
Naam Tamilar Katchi Puducherry 1 39
Tamil Nadu 38
Aam Aadmi Party[69] Bihar 3 TBA
Chandigarh 1
Delhi 7
Goa 2
Haryana TBA
Punjab 13
Uttar Pradesh 4
Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya) Bihar 3 96
Chhattisgarh 1
Delhi 2
Haryana 1
Jammu and Kashmir 1
Karnataka 2
Madhya Pradesh 2
Odisha 2
Tamil Nadu 2
Uttar Pradesh 79
Uttarakhand 1
Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party Jammu and Kashmir 4
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference Jammu and Kashmir 4
National People's Party Arunachal Pradesh TBA TBA
Assam 5
Manipur 1
Meghalaya 1
Mizoram 1
Uttarakhand Kranti Dal Uttarakhand 4
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation Bihar 4 7
Jharkhand 2
Uttarakhand 1
Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) Uttarakhand 1
All India Trinamool Congress Assam 8 72
Bihar 2
Jharkhand 3
Odisha 10
Tamil Nadu 7
West Bengal 42
Indian Gandhiyan Party Bihar 2 66
Jharkhand 3
Odisha 10
Tamil Nadu 7
Uttar Pradesh 2
West Bengal 42
Independent politicians Andhra Pradesh TBA TBA None
Arunachal Pradesh TBA
Assam TBA
Bihar TBA
Chhattisgarh TBA
Goa TBA
Gujarat TBA
Haryana TBA
Himachal Pradesh TBA
Jammu and Kashmir TBA
Jharkhand TBA
Karnataka TBA
Kerala TBA
Madhya Pradesh TBA
Maharashtra TBA
Manipur TBA
Meghalaya TBA
Mizoram TBA
Nagaland TBA
Odisha TBA
Punjab TBA
Rajasthan TBA
Sikkim TBA
Tamil Nadu 559
Telangana TBA
Tripura TBA
Uttar Pradesh TBA
Uttarakhand TBA
West Bengal TBA
Andaman and Nicobar Islands TBA
Chandigarh TBA
Dadra and Nagar Haveli TBA
Daman and Diu TBA
Delhi TBA
Lakshadweep TBA
Puducherry TBA
Opinion polling
Main article: Opinion polling for the 2019 Indian general election
Line graph showing number of seats projected in opinion polls per alliance over time.
Various organisations have carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intentions in India. Results of such polls are displayed in this list. The date range for these opinion polls is from the previous general election, held in April and May 2014, to the present day.
Date published Polling agency Others Lead[a] Majority
NDA UPA
8 April 2019 Times Now-VMR 279 149 115 130 7
6 April 2019 IndiaTV-CNX 275 126 142 149 3
1 Feb – 4 April 2019 Jan Ki Baat 310 122 111 188 38
Mar 2019 Times Now-VMR 283 135 125 148 11
Mar 2019 News Nation 270 134 139 131 Hung
Mar 2019 RepublicTV–C voter 264 141 138 123 Hung
Mar 2019 IndiaTV-CNX 285 126 132 159 13
Mar 2019 Zee 24 Taas 264 165 114 99 Hung
Feb 2019 VDP Associates 242 148 153 94 Hung
Jan 2019 Times Now-VMR 252 147 144 105 Hung
Jan 2019 ABP News -Cvoter 233 167 143 66 Hung
Jan 2019 India Today -Karvy 237 166 140 67 Hung
Jan 2019 VDP Associates 225 167 150 58 Hung
Dec 2018 India Today 257 146 140 111 Hung
Dec 2018 ABP News – C Voter 247 171 125 76 Hung
Dec 2018 India TV – CNX 281 124 138 157 9
Nov 2018 ABP News – C Voter 261 119 163 142 Hung
Oct 2018 ABP News 276 112 155 164 4
Aug 2018 India Today- Karvy 281 122 140 159 9
May 2018 ABP News-CSDS 274 164 105 110 2
Jan 2018 Republic-CVoter 335 89 119 246 63
Jan 2018 India Today 309 102 132 207 37
April–May 2014 General election results 336 60 113 276 64
Exit polls
Results
Results will be announced on May 23.
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